Python scikit-learn NumPy pandas matplotlib Jupyter Notebooks Logistic Regression Decision Trees K-Means Clustering Support Vector Machines Dimensionality Reduction (PCA) EDA Cross-validation Vector Databases Train/Test Split Feature Engineering One-Hot Encoding Label Encoding Model Evaluation Metrics (Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1) Confusion Matrix Bias-Variance Tradeoff Hyperparameter Tuning Pipeline Building Data Normalization/Standardization